“How do we conduct the exams these days, Professor?” Headmaster Flamel asked Professor Binns, who had been teaching at Hogwarts for generations. Binns, a ghost, drifted slowly as he taught History of Magic. “The system of exams has become a little lenient lately,” Professor Binns replied. “Defence Against the Dark Arts is conducted as a written test so students don’t hurt themselves performing spells. It’s the same for Charms, Transfiguration, Potions, and History.” “What about Herbology and Astronomy?” Flamel asked. “Er… Herbology and Astronomy exams are not conducted,” Binns answered hesitantly. The Headmaster’s expression stiffened. “Why not? They’re crucial parts of the curriculum, aren’t they?” “You’re right, Headmaster,” Binns said, “but the Ministry doesn’t consider these subjects particularly useful. Students tend to pursue them as hobbies after school, so official exams… well, they’re not held.” Flamel raised an eyebrow. “What about students with particular interests? I’ve kno...